Introduction

There are two parts to this essay. #1: two simple machines used in my life. #2: An aspect of nature that has captured my interest and can also be an invention.

Part 1: two simple machines used in my life

Wheel and Axle

The wheel and axle are used in cars, wagons, and almost anything with wheels. A wheel rotates and the axle is connected to the body. This allows the body to move easier. The wheel and axle provides a mechanical advantage. The second link only works with Microsoft Edge | file:///C:/Users/Dylan/AppData/Local/Packages/microsoft.microsoftedge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/AC/#!001/MicrosoftEdge/User/Default/WebNotes/Microsoft-Edge-Web-Notes-green-bla443167609.html

Screw

The screw is used in many things such as buildings, tech, and furniture. The screw is really just a piece of metal that is a cylinder with a head, and threads.

Screw

Picture taken from: https://www.toolstation.com/twinthread-countersunk-pozi-screw/p84863

Part 2: An aspect of nature that has captured my interest and can also be an invention.

A Fish Sub

A fish sub would be a sub that works and looks like a fish. The eyes would be windows and the mouth would be an exit. The windshield would be a tinted window that is almost invisible to see from the outside.

Introduction

This essay is divided into three parts. Part one: How the Christian monks helped preserve and restore civilization after the Roman Empire collapsed and some inventions that they used to do so. Part two: a summary of the inventions I learned about in the past week. And lastly, part three: My favorite lesson in the past week.

Part one: How the Christian monks helped preserve and restore civilization after the Roman Empire collapsed and some inventions that they used to do so.

The monks showed people new ways to farm different crops. They showed people how to rear cattle and horses. The monks also introduced raising bees and growing fruit. The corn trade in Sweden was created by the monks. In other countries, it was things like cheese making, fishing salmon, or better vineyards (where the grow grapes for wine). The monks used water power for many thing such as crushing wheat, fulling cloth and more. The monks mined many thing such as salt or iron. The monks also used a furnace to extract iron from ore (a type of rock containing metals). The monks also helped keep thing like bridges and roads up and running. They used things like water wheels, cranks, shafts, and gears. All of the things that I have listed are things that helped preserve and restore civilization after the Roman Empire collapsed.

Part two: a summary of the inventions I learned about in the past week.

Below are what I have studied in the last week. Then I will go through each one on its own.

Lesson 16: Gears
Lesson 17: Water Wheels
Lesson 18: Crank and Connecting Rod
Lesson 19: Cams

• Lesson 16: gears: Gears are a wheel with teeth. A gear can transfer energy by rotating the gear. Gear teeth mesh, and move energy to the next gear.
• Lesson 17: Water wheels: Water wheels are tools used to harness water power in a circular motion. You can use other tools such as the crank and connecting rod, gears, cams, and plain old rods. The power can be used for things like the monks used such as: crushing wheat, fulling cloth etc.
• Lesson 18: the crank and connecting rod: There is one simple things that the crank and connecting rod can do. It is to convert circular motion into linear motion (up and down motion). Below is a video my teacher posted (not made) on my school lesson.

• Lesson 19: Cams: Cams are pretty much just a rod with teeth. Below I have a drawing that shows how a cam works.

Part three: My favorite lesson in the past week.

My favorite lesson in the past week was lesson #18. I liked learning about the Crank and Connecting Rod. I didn’t know that circular motion could be converted into linear motion. You could crank a crank and get sawing.

Thanks for your time reading!

Topic: How new building tools impacted architecture.

Ancient

I am going to use the example of the crane, which I studied in History 4, lesson #11.

The crane improved architecture because cranes give one the ability to lift more with the same strength. There are a few parts to a crane. The boom is one, but it only gives the crane height. There are also pulleys, and they move the rope by rotating a wheel on it. The hook is at the end of the rope and holds the object.

Taller booms make the crane able to lift higher, therefore allowing it make taller structures.

Cranes were probably used for things like the Parthenon (below on the top) and the lighthouse at Alexandra (below on the bottom).

Modern

A modern crane would probably look something like this:

Or this:

Modern cranes are much more high-tech then the ancient ones.

Cranes are used today to build things like houses, skyscrapers, and bridges. With cranes, we can build taller and larger cities. We can use more space buy building higher.

Cranes changed architecture by allowing us to build higher and taller